The Neoplatonic Doctrine :: essays research papers fc

The Neoplatonic DoctrineAs defined by Funk and Wagnals, Neoplatonism is a type of idealistic monism in which the ultimate reality of the universe is held to be an infinite, unknowable, perfect One. From this one emanates judgment (pure intelligence), whence in turn is derived the world soul, the creative activity of which engenders the lesser souls of human beings. The world soul is conceived as an figure of the nous, even as the nous is an image of the One both the nous and the world soul, despite their differentiation, are thus consubstantial with the One.The world soul, however, because it is intermediate betwixt the nous and the material world, has the option either of preserving its integrity and imaged perfection or of becoming altogether sensual and corrupt. The same choice is open to each of the lesser souls. When, through ignorance of its true nature and identity, the human soul perplexs a false sense of separateness and independence, it becomes arrogantly self-assertiv e and falls into sensual and depraved habits. repurchase for such a soul is still possible, the Neoplatonist maintains, by virtue of the very freedom of will that enabled it to choose its sinful course. The soul must reverse that course, analyze in the opposite direction the successive steps of its degeneration, until it is again united with the fountainhead of its being. The actual reunion is accomplished through a mystical experience in which the soul knows an all-pervading ecstasy.Doctrinally, Neoplatonism is characterized by a categorical opposition between the spiritual and the carnal, elaborated from Platos dualism of Idea and Matter by the metaphysical hypothesis of mediating agencies, the nous and the world soul, which transmit the divine power from the One to the many by an aversion to the world of sense and by the necessity of liberation from a look of sense through a rigorous ascetic discipline. (Funk and Wagnalls) History of NeoplatonismNeoplatonism began in Alexandra, Egypt, in the third century AD. Plotinus was the founder of Neoplatonsim and was born in Egypt. He study at Alexandra with the philosopher Ammonium Saccus. Along with 224 others he helped carry the Neoplatonic doctrine to Rome, where he established a school. Other important Neoplatonic thinkers were the Syrian-Greek scholars, Porphyry and Lablichus. The Syrian, Athenian, and Alexandrian SchoolsNeoplatonism was the last of the great(p) schools of classical pagan philosophy. Platonism, as well as Aristotlism, Stoicism, and Pythagoreanism, all provided an awkward understanding of classical Greek paganism.