Natural Law Theory

According to Jenkins, â€Å"The natural law theory begins with theories about the nature and purpose of the world and moves on to ask about the purpose of every action or object. The right thing to do is that which fulfils the natural purpose. † Natural law was developed by Thomas Aquinas, in which he believed that there is such a thing as natural moral law. Natural law ethics depends on the belief that the world was designed by a creator, God. It teaches everything God made has a purpose, including every aspect of human life, and everything should work towards the purpose assigned to it.If we fulfil this purpose we do ‘good’, for example it is good to preserve life (â€Å"Do not kill†). If we frustrate the purpose for which something has been created then it is morally ‘wrong’, to destroy life is against the will of good. In addition, human sexuality was designed for the reproduction of the species. Any action which helps towards the fulfilmen t of this purpose is good; anything which hinders this fulfilment is bad. Aquinas believed there were four primary precepts, â€Å"God’s aims for humans†, which we are to follow to live according to natural law.These are to reproduce, learn and develop potential, live harmoniously in society and worship god. These precepts are moral absolutes and under no circumstances can be broken. Natural law is therefore a deontological theory. According to Aquinas natural law was the, â€Å"moral code which human beings are naturally inclined towards. † There are also the secondary precepts to take into account, which are the rules and regulations which help us achieve these aims. These are actually man made laws which are based on God’s principles.Natural law is a fusion of the secular philosophy of Aristotle (who claimed that everything had a purpose and therefore the fulfilment of these purposes was good, e. g. a good knife cuts well) and the religious tradition o f the church by Aquinas. Natural law was to be a supplement of the laws given in the scriptures and draws much inspiration from the bible. Paul in Romans 1-3 argues that the moral law of God is evident from the nature of humans and the world, â€Å"Ever since the creation of the world, his invisible nature, has been clearly perceived in the things that have been made. (Romans 1:20) In Matthew 19:3-9, Jesus observes that natural law should make it clear that divorce is wrong, â€Å"For your hardness of heart Moses allowed you to divorce your wife, but from the beginning it was not so. † Marriage was designed for the building up of the married couple by each other and for birth and secure upbringing of children; divorce goes against God’s aim. Peter Mullen, Working with Morality, states, â€Å"Reason and the regularities of the natural world should be your guide. † Though are ability to reason we can get a sense of right and wrong.We can think freely for ourselve s and discover God’s intention and follow natural law. In other words we must use our reasoning powers in order to work out what is moral. This helps us deal with ethical issues which are not dealt with in the scripture e. g. euthanasia. In his book, Summa Theologiae, Aquinas maintained that we have four cardinal virtues (‘cardo’ meaning ‘a hinge’) on which are morality hinges and these four things inform as reason as well as the Decalogue. It has also maintained that we have seven capital vices. The cardinal virtues are prudence, justice, fortitude and self control.Pursing what is morally right will help us to develop these virtues and vice versa. The seven sins of morality are just the vices of pride, avarice, lust, envy, gluttony, anger and sloth. Aquinas maintains that these, in contrast with the four virtues are totally opposed to achieving the goals set out for humans in natural law. These natural virtues are expanded by the revealed virtues of faith, hope and charity derived from St Paul in Corinthians and â€Å"Aquinas held that the greater the extent to which these are developed by the individual, the greater the obedience will be to natural law. (Vardy and Grosch) When people sin according to Aquinas, it is because they are pursuing what they think is good. Human nature is generally good and therefore if we do wrong it is because we are in pursuit of an apparent good, e. g. abortion, can seem like at a good thing at times. According to Vardy and Grosch, â€Å"Humans seek apparent good, but this is not true good; only apparent good because it does not conform to the perfection of human nature which all humans share. † A historical example would be that of Hitler and Stalin, who did not seek out evil but sought what they thought, was right.The theory of natural law states that you are only responsible for the immediate consequences of your actions – not for the secondary or unintended effects of your acti on. This adds flexibility to the theory of natural law in such areas as just war and etopic pregnancy. According to Thompson, â€Å"Natural law is based on nature as seen by human reason enlightened by Christian faith. In the light of Jesus’ teaching and belief in God, reason can decide, by looking at nature, what is right. † Natural law however has some faults. It depends on the belief that the world was designed by a creator.Aquinas assumes that all men must seek to worship God, atheists not taken into consideration. According to Thompson, â€Å"†¦ if someone does not believe in God, then the natural law theory loses its foundation. † The theory also suggests that reproduction is one of God’s natural purposes of creating humankind, not considering those who are biologically incapable of having children. Thirdly, naturalistic fallacy, there is a problem with the assumption that just because something is a matter of fact in nature does not mean it ou ght to be obeyed by everyone. Hume argued that what is the case and what ought to be the case are different ideas.According to Jenkins, â€Å"sex does produce babies by this does not necessarily mean that people ought to have sex only for this purpose. † In some situations it may be necessary to against natural law to achieve a better end result, natural law is too flexible. According to Peter Mullen, â€Å"it may be necessary, for example to torture an innocent person to save the lives of thousands. † Finally, how do we define what is natural and what isn’t, there are some basic ideals but these are too vague to apply to specific situations. For example should we try to prolong the life of someone who is ill, for death is the ‘natural’ result?Natural law also puts too much emphasis on human reason. Human reason can be corrupted by sin, e. g. holocaust. However there are strengths of the natural law theory. First of all, it is a universal guide. It provides humanity with a set of common moral principles and can be sued if you are religious or not (Aristotle). Secondly it is a simple, straightforward set of rules – we look at the evidence of the natural world and apply our reason to consider if something is right or wrong. And thirdly, the principles of natural law can be applied to solve pecific moral problems – casuistry. In conclusion, â€Å"The natural law is written and engraved in the soul of each and every man; because it is human reason ordaining him to do good and forbidding him to do sin. † (Pope Leo XIII) It is claimed that everyone holds certain fundamental rights simply by virtue of being human. Some argue that rights are a modern western invention, rights are something â€Å"constructed† by a historical culture, seeking self justification for its own purpose to expand the notions and even to impose them on other cultures regardless of their traditional ways.The words ‘human rights ’ have come to mean the political norms and prescriptions that are found in international human rights documents such as the European Convention of Human Rights(1950) or the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights(1948). They deal with the way in which people should be treated by their government and its institutions. This paper proposes to develop the argument that making human rights universal is problematic, this will be done by firstly looking at the historical development of the concept of human rights, secondly the approaches taken towards questioning the validity or justification of the doctrine.Finally, to explore cultural, religious as well as gender differences which interact making human rights difficult if not problematic to universally enforce. Historical Origins and development and creation of the theory and practice The roots of human rights doctrine can be traced back to the times of Aristotle and Stoics. In his ‘Nicomachean Ethics’ Aristotle c reates the basis for the existence of a natural moral order. This would provide a potentially universal criterion for evaluating the authority of man made legal systems.Aristotle distinguishes natural justice and legal justice, â€Å"Natural justice is that which has same value everywhere and does not depend on acceptance† But the concept of rights akin to that of the contemporary idea of human rights most clearly emerges during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe and the so called doctrine of natural law. The doctrine of Natural Law held belief in the existence of a natural moral code based upon the identification of certain fundamental and objectively identifiable human goods. John Locke argued that individuals possess natural rights, ndependently of political recognition given to them by the state. He posits the idea that people held such rights independently of and prior to the formation of any political community, natural law thus is to perceive Gods will which truly gave an authentic moral code. Locke provided the precedent of establishing legitimate political authority upon a rights foundation. Compassionate to the works of the Ancient Greeks and earlier philosophers such as Pufendorf, 18TH century German Philosopher Immanuel Kant, who held that, moral reasoning relied upon the condition that all rational individuals are bound to assent.His notion of the ‘categorical imperative’, doing the right thing is not determined by acting in pursuit of ones own interest or desires but acting in agreement with the maxim which all rational individuals are to accept. â€Å"So the act the maxim of which your will can at the same time be universal law† The philosophical ideals defended by Kant and Locke come to be associated with general enlightenment project during the 17th and 18th centuries. Ideals such as human dignity and equality enshrined in the US Declaration of independence and the French National Assembly’s De claration of Man.Similarly continued through the 19th century in various political movements to extend the political suffrage to those that were denied political and civil rights. The full declaration of the doctrine of human rights occurred in the 20th century in response to the atrocities epitomized by the holocaust. The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, enshrining fundamental human rights was adopted by the General Assembly on the 10th of December 1948. One should note that the modern doctrine of human rights is not a mere expression of the natural rights concept; rather it goes beyond it in some respects.James Nickel promotes three ways in which contemporary concept of human rights differs from and goes beyond that of natural rights. Firstly, modern human rights are more interested in viewing equality as requiring positive action by the state for instance providing welfare assistance. Whereas natural rights promoters were apt to view equality in more formalistic terms, essentially requiring the state to refrain from â€Å"interfering† in individuals lives.Secondly, where promoters of natural rights tended to conceive of human beings as mere individuals, advocates of contemporary human rights are far keener to accept the importance of family and community in individual lives. And thirdly, Nickel views modern human rights as more ‘internationalist’ in content and orientation than was typically found within arguments in support of natural rights. One can clearly understand the final assertion, since today human rights are increasingly seen as requiring international action and concern.For the benefit of the discourse, drawing this distinction between natural rights and modern human rights allows one to distinguish the development of the concept of human rights. It will also be beneficial to see the different approaches’ to human rights a well as the categories of human rights. Such discussion of the nature of human rights will demonstrate whether in Raschs view human rights cannot be justified as a universalising project. Concepts of Human Rights There are two categories that are fundamental to understand basis and potential for the application of human rights.Legal rights: these are the rights found in existing legal codes, thus benefit from the recognition and protection of the law. Disputes as to its existence can be resolved by referring to the relevant legal instrument, a legal right cannot exist prior to its passing into law, the limits of which its validity are set by the jurisdiction of the body which passes relevant legislation. Moral rights are not rights in the strict sense, better to see them as moral claims which have the potential to be incorporated into national and international law.For a legal positivist like Jeremy Bentham, there can be no such thing as human rights existing prior to or independently from legal codification. In contrast, Moral rights can exist independently from the ir legal foil. It has been argued that the black majority in Apartheid South Africa possessed a moral right to full political participation in that countries’ political system although no such legal right existed. When rights exist at international level, we speak of them as human rights, but when they are enacted at national level we see them as civil or constitutional right.To develop this even further, one can question the validity of human rights. Firstly, the interests theory approach, which holds that the principle function of human rights is to protect and promote certain key human interests. John Finnis contends, human rights are justifiable on the grounds of their instrumental value for securing the necessary conditions of human well being. The Choice or Will theory, on the other hand aims to establish philosophical validity of human rights upon a single human attribute; the capacity for freedom.Proponents of this theory argue that rights are a manifestation of the e xercise of personal autonomy, the distinctive feature of human agency which should be the core concern of rights. Human rights and Universality In identifying the historical roots of human rights and some basic general conceptual and justificatory approaches’ to the topic, the question whether human rights are â€Å"universal† is to ask whether there are good reasons for believing that the norms and prescriptions contained in the international documents symbolising apply to and obligate all human beings equally, regardless of their cultural, social or geographical location.The argument posed by Rasch is that human rights possess personal character which means in spirit that they cannot intrinsically adhere to the cultural, religious and social differences. This contention will be the basis of the remaining space of this essay. Rasch holds, that both Rawls, Habermas who were inspired by the Kantian project of discerning the rational ordering of human society is the proj ect of a â€Å"universalist ideology† that is homogenous and self justificatory.In other words he is arguing that the natural laws which initially held basic rights of individuals is â€Å"Christianized†. Such is the essence of human rights that truly they cannot be all inclusive and ever embracing. Rasch’s assertion must be examined closely, paying particular attention to the issue about the norms and values inherent in ‘western’ human rights are not the basis for human rights in all corners of the plane Rawls claimed that human rights â€Å"specify limits to a regimes internal autonomy† and that †¦their fulfillment is sufficient to exclude justified and forceful interventions by diplomatic and economic sanctions or in grave cases of military force†. Indeed, it is a generalization to suggest there is a line defined by human rights where national sovereignty ends. The reason being, â€Å"fulfillment† of human rights is a ver y unclear idea, because no country fully satisfies human rights, all countries have human rights problems, some large many â€Å"gross† violations. One of the most significant challenges to contemporary human rights is the presumed objective basis of the doctrine as moral rights.On this view moral principles are inherently subjective in character in that they express individuals’ incomplete preferences Protagoras claimed that â€Å"†¦no persons opinions can be said to be more correct than another’s, because each is the sole judge of his or her experiences†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In modern times, such arguments have been defended by the likes of Richard Rorty, who argues that human rights are based on sentimental vision of humanity, that human rights are not rationally defensible and fundamentally are emanated by sympathetic identification with others as opposed to reason.Kant differentiated between modes of expressions into objective and subjective propositions. He asserted that if an individual’s analysis is not accepted universally then it remains the moral position of the individual, thus a distinction between law and morality. In other words, one cannot assert their moral views and principles on others and expect them to be accepted. Knowledge acquired essentially should be objective in form.But subjective acquisition of knowledge as Kant saw, through individual reasoning or ‘moral law’ of the individual, acceptance of it will raise the individuals knowledge, thus knowledge is a steady cultural effort, In contrast, Michael Foucault argued that acquisition of knowledge should be subjective , he held that â€Å"truth† is the instrument of power’ which should be used to strengthen knowledge.Human rights are related to moral convictions; moral convictions are determined by underlying cultural commitments; underlying commitments differ fundamentally from one culture to another; therefore, the interpretation of human rights must vary fundamentally across cultures. Cultural Relativism is the most fashionable attempts to challenge the universality of human rights. One may suspect that Muslim and Asian critics of human rights suppose that their own views are in fact superior to Western ideas, and that everyone would be better off if their views came to prevail universally. Because ultures differ, and because human rights must vary accordingly, no one culture can go around trying to impose its view of human rights on others. Islam’s characterization of human rights is based on its followers holding true to the word of the religion. A Muslim sees rights much in the same was as a Hindu, a series of duties to the creator, in order to attain the higher freedom of enlightenment at death. The publication of ‘Satanic Verses’ by Salman Rushdie which offended Muslims worldwide, highlights how the western concept of human rights, to free speech can be incompatible with Sharia law.It is undeniable that the international community derives its values from a liberal consensus that is in essence a secularized Christian ethic. The traditionalist Muslims have not been the only critics of the western standard of human rights, until very recently the Catholic Church has been a strong opposition to what it saw as a conquest over the values of Christian community. The hearts of monotheistic religions are in conflict with the basis of human rights.Human rights doctrine is ‘humancentric’ essentially based on the responsibility and autonomy of the individual, the doctrine takes its premise in the authority of the state i. e. secularism and as its primary aim, to prevent abuse of power by the state over the individual. While monotheistic religions emphasis the will of god through the community. A study of prominent religion and development journals revealed that â€Å"religion and spirituality’’ are under represented in â€Å"†¦development li terature and in the policies and programmes’ of development organizations†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢The unique case of Re A (Conjoined Twins: Surgical separation), where doctors wished to separate Siamese twins otherwise both would have died, the parents opposed the operation on religious grounds, though the hospital and courts were choosing the â€Å"lesser of two evils† in that if the operation was not carried out the twins would die but if the operation went ahead one would live, the operation was allowed. Such a judgment is clearly confrontational with the religious duty of individuals.Furthermore, cultural imperialisms impact on human rights; Cultures are compelled to accept apparent universal standards because they are pressured to do so by more powerful cultures. Donnelly, contends that the American human rights regime can be explained by the power that lies within it, He believes that the dominant power of united states, in exercising its supreme power ensures support and creation of its interests. Essentially, human rights’ as an objective project is in reality established on subjective norms.The global institutions developed, in the hope to exercise their view of human rights through creation of instruments in the form of universal declarations or agreements, to which all cultures agree to, comply. The preamble to the United Nations Charter, demonstrates the clear declaration of universal intention by all member states to agree to a universal set of standards and norms. Who were behind the utopian ideal? The creation of United Nations was a result of recommendations by United Kingdom and the United States, the new ‘cultural imperialists’. We the United States recognise and accept our deep involvement in the destiny of men everywhere† Such was the sentiment expressed by President Eisenhower. During the creation of the UN and even today the membership is still increasingly western with a low presence of Asian, African or Ara b membership. USA evidently believed it was responsible for peace, security and human rights over other cultures, naturally ensuring that their values and norms become universal and dominant.In addition, the delegation for Saudi Arabia to the committee drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1947, expressed that the committee â€Å"†¦for the most part taken into consideration only standards recognised by western civilisation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The delegation contended that the committee was not to â€Å" proclaim the superiority of one civilization over all others or to establish uniform standards for all the countries in the world†Rawls argued that human rights are â€Å"international and universal† in that they apply to all individuals everywhere, however, such sentimental objections outlined are commonly expressed by not only Middle Eastern states but also Asian countries like China, the reason for this is that â€Å"Asian Values† place the goo d of the community over those of the individual, one can deduct that there isn’t universal consensus on the subject of human rights. Western values inherent in international human rights documents such as the UDHR are in what one can term cultural conflict as there is a clash of difference in values and norms.What can also be deduced from the lack of consensus, is that rights are ‘culture specific’, Human rights appear in the context of particular social, economic, cultural and political conditions. This is unquestionably true, since what circumstances brought about human rights in the west cannot be said to exist elsewhere. China has echoed such attitude in a 1991 white paper â€Å"†¦owing to tremendous differences in historical background, social system, cultural tradition and economic development, countries differ in their understanding and practice of human rights†¦Ã¢â‚¬ The dominance of western thought or ideological heritage in eastern or differ ent legal jurisdictions will not necessarily be accepted; rather what should happen is that human rights should â€Å"be considered in the context of a dynamic and evolving process of international norm-setting, bearing in mind the significance of national and regional peculiarities and various historical, cultural, and religious backgrounds†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In line with the last mentioned point, the issue of political sovereignty is worth noting.A state has national sovereignty to determine matters of human rights locally, rather than relying on international agencies to externally determine national affairs. The issue of human rights falls by and large within the sovereignty of each state. In 1995, the Chinese government confirmed its opposition to â€Å"some countries' hegemonic acts of using a double standard for the human rights of other countries . . . and imposing their own pattern on others, or interfering in the internal affairs of other countries by using `human rights' as a pretext. The West's attempt to apply universal standards of human rights to developing countries is disguised cultural imperialism and an attempt to obstruct their development. It can be emphasized that human rights are harms which the law commits and heals through human rights. They are concerned with the terrible rather than with achieving the best. Their aim is achieving minimally good lives for all people, or so it is claimed. For instance, Article 3 Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person’. As outlined earlier in the discourse, legal rights are in essence human rights as their basic action is to extend theoretical recognition and respect to all. But, New rights creating new ways of being in common with others else where open the boundaries of community. Karl Marx insisted that political community both upholds and denies universality of rights since rights support and are supported in turn by the inequalities of economy and culture.Economic exploitation of the urban poor through unemployment, low paid wages, poor health of developing countries through unequal trade and rising debt undermines and ultimately destroys the prospect of self determination when daily survival is the order of the day; all aspirations for social improvement or cultural expression are quenched. Thomas Pogge argues that basic human rights ambit of â€Å"securing life, liberty and security† has not been fulfilled That world poverty is an ongoing harm we inflict seems completely incredible to most citizens of the affluent countries. We call it tragic that the basic human rights of so many remain unfulfilled†¦Ã¢â‚¬  If it is accepted, that affluent nations such as USA, France and the UK are the beneficiaries of advancing the universality of human rights and the doctrine is inherently favorable to them, then what Pogge argues is the ‘nexus between our global institutional order and the persistence o f severe poverty ‘, then the injustice of such an order can also be accepted.It cannot be denied that the values of the consumer society cannot be applied to societies that have nothing to consume, since talking about universal rights is rather like saying that the rich and the poor both have the same right to fly first class and to sleep under bridges. What is justified in Britain in terms of legal rights cannot totally be the same in Malaysia. Clearly, there is a distinction of what law is and what is morally correct from the view of collective individuals, community and ultimately a nation.Rights promoting the equality of sexes are a contentious point The Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) was adopted by UN General Assembly in 1979, it codified women’s right to equality in all spheres of life as a global norm. Article 2(f) of the convention imposes positive obligation on member states to modify or abolish â€Å"custom s and practices† which discriminate against women. Cultural differences have practical implications. Whether women’s human rights can be universal is at a moot point, since some cultures are seen as patriarchal like Islam and Buddhism.But a controversial but pertinent example of an approach that seeks to strengthen cultural integrity and individual freedom is India’s Muslim Women (Protection of Rights Upon Divorce) Act. This legislation was enacted after the case of Shah Banu, the Supreme Court of India upheld the right of a divorced Muslim woman to alimony, prompting outrage from Muslim traditionalists who claimed this violated their religious beliefs that divorced women were only entitled to the return of the bride price paid upon marriage.The Indian parliament then passed a law to override the court's judgment, under which Muslim women married under Muslim law would be obliged to accept the return of the bride price as the only payment of alimony. F. Raday cla ims that the most widespread inequality women face is the treating of women as housewives or mothers and not being able to integrate fully in the public domain. Equality, despite assertions of Declarations and Constitutions that ‘women are like men’ and that ‘women are different from men’ is a political construct, as Hegel and Marx argued which is expressed through the legal.The law as Hegel argued is ill equipped to accommodate difference human rights claims therefore involve an inconsistent dialectic between an impossible demand for universal equality that is identifiable with the western man. From the above discussion, it has been expounded that human rights cannot be absolutely universal to accommodate societal differences. What is universally different lies in the cultural as well as religious and gender dissimilarities that is the backbone to incomplete consensus on the subject of human rights.Common Western cultural roots are the basis of internation al treaties establishing so called universal human rights, leading non western cultures to conform to prejudiced norms. The knowledge promulgated in the doctrine is inherently subjective in character embodying the dominant cultural preferences. In reply to William Rasch, human rights cannot totally be justified as they are not completely and entirely impartial so as to accommodate cultural disparity.To paraphrase Oona Hathaway International public opinion have often been lured â€Å"that (in the words of Columbia Law professor Louis Henkin) ‘almost all nation observe almost all principles of international law and almost all of their obligations almost all of the times’†. This assertion can definitely be regarded as false when it comes to Human Rights. Examples can be found involving â€Å"almost† all the countries â€Å"almost† all of the times. It took America nearly forty years to ratify, with qualifying conditions the 1948 Genocide Convention.Fra nce has never transcripted in its national law the UN Charter for the Rights of Children (which has never been ratified by the USA). Last but not least, most of the genocides that have been perpetrated since the end of World War II, have taken place in countries party to the already quoted 1948 Genocide Convention (Rwanda, Yugoslavia, Iraq, etc†¦). In fact, it seems impossible to imagine a way of enforcing Human Rights when one reckons that it is already impossible to enforce the principles of international law. Indeed, the respect of international agreements is completely left to the will of the nations parties to these agreements.The respect (or non-respect) of a signed treaty is a matter of sovereignty and no sanction can be envisaged but a military intervention violating this concept of sovereignty. This is also Carlos Santiago Nino’s stance: according to this author the most serious limitation of the strategy of enforcing Human Rights is â€Å"that the still curren t conception of sovereignty of states impose severe restrictions on the obligations that governments accept by their commitment and on the forms of intervention available to external organs for investigating and punishing Human Rights violations†.The conception of a potential international normative system has to clash with the ideal of self determination because there is no ‘global civil society’. Or in Chris Brown’s words â€Å"properly understood, ‘civil society’ requires an effective state, while ‘global civil society’ is characteristically seen as a substitute for such a political order. Furthermore, it may be doubted that the mind-set required to make a civil society work actually exists in the world today†.For that reason, the application of treaties in the different countries stayed a matter of self-determination and self-policing, leading, of course, to consequent opportunities of Human Rights breaches, and impeachi ng nearly all attempts in enforcing Human Rights.5754 wordsBibliography Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) European Convention of Human Rights (1950) The Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979) Re A (2002) Court of Appeal (Civil Division) [2000] 3 FCR 577 United Nations Press Release : MEMBERSHIP OF PRINCIPAL UNITED NATIONS ORGANS IN 2005 http://www. un. rg/News/Press/docs/2005/org1436. doc. htm Charter of The United Nations http://www. un. org/News/Press/docs/2005/org1436. doc. htm Secondary Sources Books Douzinas and A. Gearey, ‘Critical jurisprudence’ (Hart Publishing 2005) W. A. Edmundson ‘ An Introduction to Rights’ Cambridge University Press, 2004 Kraut R, Aristotle: political philosophy (OUP 2002) p125 George. R. P, ‘In defence of Natural Law’ (OUP 2001) J. Nickel. Making Sense of Human Rights: Philosophical Reflections on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, (Berkeley; Universit y of California Press, 1987) Rawls ‘The Law of Peoples 1999, p 70- 80 Cambell, Ewing and Tomkins, ‘Sceptical Essays on Human Rights’ (OUP 2001) p297-315 R. Rorty ‘Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature’ (Princeton University Press 1981 Kant, ‘Critique Of Pure Reaso’n (Hackett Publishing 1996,) I. Kant ‘Critique of Practical Reason’ (Hacket Publishing 2002) S. Houlgate, ‘An Introduction to Hegel: Freedom, Truth and History’, (Blackwell Publishing, 2006) F. Hegel, ‘On Christianity: Early Theological Writings’, (Harper Torchbooks, 1961) P. D’Entreves and S. Benhabib, ‘Habermas and the Unfinished Project of Modernity’, (Polity Press 1996) K.Hastrup, ‘Human Rights on Common Grounds: The Quest for Universality’, (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2001) Douzinas ‘The End of Human Rights’, (Hart Publishing 2000) Articles S. Tharoor, ‘Are Human Rights Universal? â⠂¬â„¢ (World Policy Journal Vol. XVI, No4, WINTER 1999/2000) F. Raday, ‘Culture, Religion and Gender’ (OUP and New York School of Law,2003, Vol. 1 No. 4) T. Pogge ‘World Poverty and Human Rights’ (Ethics and International Affairs 19, no1. 2005) X. Li ‘Report from the Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy’ Volume 16, No. 2, Spring 1999 J Donnelly,’ Human Rights and Human Dignity’, (American Political Science Review 76 1982,) A.Pagden, ‘Human Rights, Natural Rights and Europe’s Imperial Legacy’ Political Theory’, Vol. 31, No2 (2003) E. Tomailn,‘Religion and Rights Based Approach to Development’ (Progress in Development Studies:2006,6:93) D. Renteln, ‘The Unanswered Challenges of Relativism’ (Vol. 7 Human Rights Quarterly,1985)Yimga, Andre Marie (Human Rights League, Cameroon): â€Å"Are Human Rights universal – a common heritage shared among cultures? † Rasch. W . ‘Human Rights as Geopolitics’ (Cultural Critique 54 spring 2003) Websites United Nations Official Website http://www. un. org/Overview/rights. htmlInternational Humanist and Ethical Union http://www. iheu. org/node/2874 United States Institute of Peace http://www. usip. org/religionpeace/rehr/universality. html President Eisenhower’s Second Inaugural Address http://www. homeofheroes. com/presidents/inaugural/34_ike_2. htmlEssays on Popular Politics and Human Rights http://www. irmgard-coninx-stiftung. de/index. php? id=1

The Great Gatsby

Overview: Your team will create  one PowerPoint presentation according to the instructions below. Each member of your team will contribute information and help the leader compile the information into  one final presentation. Team assignment: * Your team will select one of the following characters from  The Great Gatsby: * Nick Carraway * Jay Gatsby * Daisy Buchanan * Tom Buchanan * Jordan Baker * Myrtle Wilson * George Wilson * As a team, create a profile for that character as if he /she is a member of a modern day social networking site, such as Facebook or MySpace. Your team's final presentation should be a PowerPoint presentation of 5-7 slides. Include at least three visuals and at least four of the following items: * A quotation that expresses the character's philosophy of life * A brief description of the character's family or friends. * A brief description of the time in which the character lives. * A brief description of the world in which the character lives. * A brief description of the character's conflicts or struggles. * Something interesting about the character.As the week begins, join your team and do the following: * Each team should select a leader. * Each team member should participate fully. Points will be based on both the amount of material posted and the quality of the work posted. * Remember that short comments, such as â€Å"I will go along with what everyone wants to do,† may earn no points. Offer significant material that advances the project. * Instead of listing websites, offer the information from that site along with the reference. Do not just offer material that was cut-and-pasted from websites; instead, write the information in your own words, and cite your sources. Note about visuals: Your team  can create your own visuals, use clip art, or use items from the Internet. If you use Internet images in your presentation, cite the sources on your final slide. Post your team's final presentation in Doc Sharing. At the en d of the week, you may download the other team projects posted in Doc sharing and enjoy viewing them.Daisy is the center of the story, and the character who originates the vast majority of events within the book. The life and fortune of Gatsby are built on the hope that someday he may revive his love with Daisy. Daisy has something that makes her special, and she is different from Jordan, and the rest of the women in the work, and this is seen through the narrations of Nick and Gatsby, and even in the way in which Tom defends her image in front of his lover.She is woman native of Louisville, Kentucky and through the stories told by Jordan, we know that she was the center of attention and the soul of the party, and is a beautiful woman who likes to have fun and flirt through cheeky and extremely frivolous conversations, and this is so inevitable that even her cousin is a victim of her gadgets, she did it at her first party at Gatsby’s house: â€Å"These things excite me so,â €  she whispered. â€Å"If you want to kiss me any time during the evening, Nick, just let me know and I’ll be glad to arrange it for you. Just mention my name.Or present a green card. I’m giving out green†. Nick describes the voice of Daisy as beautiful, mysterious, flirtatious, intriguing, exciting, sensual, and famous, and Gatsby includes that it is full of money; on several occasions, the characters comment that it is a magical instrument used by her, which is full of promises and beautiful things on the distance, and Daisy uses her seductive voice to drag people towards her, especially to Gatsby since the voice of Daisy speaks of everything he want of it, wealth, social status, true happiness and he cannot refuse to this attraction.Besides her seductive and alluring voice, she is a dreamy woman and she sees her past with melancholy and idealizes her first love affair, presenting her present as boring and stuffy and she struggles daily with the pressures of society which forced her to marry an aggressive, overbearing and arrogant man who woke her up from her childhood dreams and made her realize that very often dreams don't become reality, although in her deep insight, she keeps the hope that hers can become a reality. But Daisy's biggest problem is that he is not a mythical goddess, but she is an ordinary person with strengths and weaknesses, and she is used to live her life in a certain way, following the rules and by this obedience, she hopes some rewards. When Gatsby comes back to her life, moving its foundations and challenging her to leave behind these ties and conventionalisms, she frightens, and decides to return to her safe harbor, which is Tom, and prefers to be unhappy that to have to sacrifice her live to escape with Gatsby, and leave everything behind. She is selfish and only thinks about her, unlike Gatsby who made his life according to his unconditional love towards her. The Great Gatsby Jay Gatsby, born James Gatz, the son of poor farmers, â€Å"sprang from his platonic conception of himself† (Fitzgerald 98). Thanks to a job on millionaire Dan Cody’s yacht, Jay was inspired to change his way of life. Despite his mysterious past, including rumours that he killed a man, Gatsby was in every way a tragic hero. After meeting a beautiful girl named Daisy in Louisville, Gatsby spent his whole life fighting to be with her. He was too poor to ever be seen with her, so he got in deep with some gangsters just trying to earn enough money to be with her. When he finally had enough cash, he found out that she was married. The instance comes up where he had to lie for her, and she wasn’t even grateful. After trying so hard for all those years to impress her, she ended up being the death of him – literally. Trying to recapture the past, nothing ends up going right for Gatsby, and he dies because of it. That, in it of itself, is the definition of a tragic hero. Daisy Fay was everything a guy could dream of – fun, slender, and extremely beautiful. If you had the best summer romance of your life with an amazing person, only to have them tell you that you were too poor to be with them, what would you do? Would you give up, or would you fight for them? Jay Gatsby chose the latter. After Daisy told him he wasn’t rich enough, he was devastated. Tragically, when he was finally rich enough to be with the girl of his dreams he found out she’d moved on. The only thing that Gatsby could do was admire her from afar, which is kind of creepy but apparently some girls find that romantic. â€Å"‘Gatsby bought that house so that he could be just across the bay. ’ Then it had not been merely the stars to which he had aspired on that June night. He came alive to me, delivered suddenly from the womb of his purposeless splendor. † (Fitzgerald 78). Gatsby was so in love with Daisy after all those years that he moved right across the bay from her. He was so obsessed with her that he didn’t stop to think about the consequences. Daisy was married, and pining after a married woman just screams ‘bad idea’. If her husband ever found out†¦ watch out Gatsby. He was so overwhelmed when he finally saw Daisy again, he thought it was unreal, surely thinking back to when they were initially together. He hadn’t once ceased looking at Daisy, and I think he revalued everything in his house according to the measure of response it drew from her well-loved eyes. Sometimes, too, he stared around at his possessions in a dazed way, as though in her actual and astounding presence none of it was any longer real. Once he nearly toppled down a flight of stairs. † (Fitzgerald 91) Gatsby spent a vast amount of h is life trying to be with Daisy, and now that she was actually in his house the whole situation felt surreal. Being so dedicated to the smallest things, like her presence in his house, was bad judgement. At that point Daisy could have manipulated him into doing whatever she wanted. Getting so involved with a woman in general is usually a bad idea, especially a married one. Going back to when Daisy told Gatsby he didn’t have enough money to be with her, Gatsby must have been desperate. At that point he probably would have done anything to get Daisy back, including getting involved with some very bad people. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Meyer Wolfsheim? No, he’s a gambler. ’ Gatsby hesitated, then added coolly, ‘He’s the man who fixed the World’s Series back in 1919. † (Fitzgerald 73) Meyer Wolfsheim was a very bad person with molars for cuff links, and young Gatsby must have thought that getting involved with his ‘business’ would help him earn enough money to be good enough for Daisy. You would think that someone with teeth for accessories would be a person to generally avoid. Wolfsheim helped Gatsby get the money he needed by selling alco hol during the time of prohibition and selling him some drug-stores. Earning all that money in such an awful way must have been a story Gatsby didn’t share very often. ’It took me just three years to earn the money that bought it. ’ ‘I thought you inherited your money. ’ ‘I did old sport,’ he said automatically. ‘But I lost most of it in the big panic. The panic of war. ’ I think he hardly knew what he was saying for when I asked him what business he was in he answered, ‘That’s my affair,’ before he realized that wasn’t the appropriate reply. ‘Oh, I’ve been in several things,’ he corrected himself. ‘I was in the drug business and then I Was in the oil business. But I’m not in either one now. † (Fitzgerald 90) Gatsby was so used to lying about how he actually received all his money that when Nick, one of his closest friends, asked him he immediately lied. Having the instinct to lie, especially to his friends, was only going to c ome back and bite him in the butt, especially since he was involved with gangsters in the first place. ‘When witnesses concoct lies, they often miss the obvious. ’ – John Grisham. This quote is applicable to Gatsby because agreeing to lie for Daisy, he missed Nick’s warnings for him to get away due to Wilson’s inevitable repercussions. If a girl is cheating on her husband, she probably isn’t very trustworthy in the first place, so Gatsby agreeing to lie for Daisy and say he killed Myrtle was probably a bad idea. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Yes,’ he said after a moment, ‘but of course I’ll say I was. ’†(Fitzgerald 143) Agreeing to lie was the first step towards his demise. Daisy couldn’t risk Gatsby accidentally letting it slip that she was the one driving, and she had to tell Tom something†¦ after everything that went on between the three of them, Tom and Daisy realized that they were still in love with each other and they just wanted everything to go back to normal. ‘What if I did tell him? That fellow had it coming to him. He threw dust into your eyes just like he did in Daisy’s, but he was a tough one. He ran over Myrtle like you’d run over a dog and never even stopped his car. ’† (Fitzgerald 178). Daisy turned on Gatsby just as quick as he had agreed to lie for her; she told Tom that Gatsby had agreed to lie for her and that they needed to get rid of him in case he told. Tom told Wilson that it was Gatsby and Wilson was so enraged that he shot Gatsby and then killed himself. Lying for Daisy only led to more trouble for Gatsby. The rash decision to lie ended his life as soon as he agreed to it. A tragic hero is a person who, through his or her own actions, leads to their own demise. Gatsby, through yearning for a girl he could never really have, working with convicts to get his money, and lying for aforementioned girl who only cared about herself unambiguously lead to his own murder, making him fit the description of a tragic hero to a tee. Gatsby did everything for a girl who turned on him like it was nothing. Was it worth it? Would you have done the same? The Great Gatsby Jay Gatsby, born James Gatz, the son of poor farmers, â€Å"sprang from his platonic conception of himself† (Fitzgerald 98). Thanks to a job on millionaire Dan Cody’s yacht, Jay was inspired to change his way of life. Despite his mysterious past, including rumours that he killed a man, Gatsby was in every way a tragic hero. After meeting a beautiful girl named Daisy in Louisville, Gatsby spent his whole life fighting to be with her. He was too poor to ever be seen with her, so he got in deep with some gangsters just trying to earn enough money to be with her. When he finally had enough cash, he found out that she was married. The instance comes up where he had to lie for her, and she wasn’t even grateful. After trying so hard for all those years to impress her, she ended up being the death of him – literally. Trying to recapture the past, nothing ends up going right for Gatsby, and he dies because of it. That, in it of itself, is the definition of a tragic hero. Daisy Fay was everything a guy could dream of – fun, slender, and extremely beautiful. If you had the best summer romance of your life with an amazing person, only to have them tell you that you were too poor to be with them, what would you do? Would you give up, or would you fight for them? Jay Gatsby chose the latter. After Daisy told him he wasn’t rich enough, he was devastated. Tragically, when he was finally rich enough to be with the girl of his dreams he found out she’d moved on. The only thing that Gatsby could do was admire her from afar, which is kind of creepy but apparently some girls find that romantic. â€Å"‘Gatsby bought that house so that he could be just across the bay. ’ Then it had not been merely the stars to which he had aspired on that June night. He came alive to me, delivered suddenly from the womb of his purposeless splendor. † (Fitzgerald 78). Gatsby was so in love with Daisy after all those years that he moved right across the bay from her. He was so obsessed with her that he didn’t stop to think about the consequences. Daisy was married, and pining after a married woman just screams ‘bad idea’. If her husband ever found out†¦ watch out Gatsby. He was so overwhelmed when he finally saw Daisy again, he thought it was unreal, surely thinking back to when they were initially together. He hadn’t once ceased looking at Daisy, and I think he revalued everything in his house according to the measure of response it drew from her well-loved eyes. Sometimes, too, he stared around at his possessions in a dazed way, as though in her actual and astounding presence none of it was any longer real. Once he nearly toppled down a flight of stairs. † (Fitzgerald 91) Gatsby spent a vast amount of h is life trying to be with Daisy, and now that she was actually in his house the whole situation felt surreal. Being so dedicated to the smallest things, like her presence in his house, was bad judgement. At that point Daisy could have manipulated him into doing whatever she wanted. Getting so involved with a woman in general is usually a bad idea, especially a married one. Going back to when Daisy told Gatsby he didn’t have enough money to be with her, Gatsby must have been desperate. At that point he probably would have done anything to get Daisy back, including getting involved with some very bad people. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Meyer Wolfsheim? No, he’s a gambler. ’ Gatsby hesitated, then added coolly, ‘He’s the man who fixed the World’s Series back in 1919. † (Fitzgerald 73) Meyer Wolfsheim was a very bad person with molars for cuff links, and young Gatsby must have thought that getting involved with his ‘business’ would help him earn enough money to be good enough for Daisy. You would think that someone with teeth for accessories would be a person to generally avoid. Wolfsheim helped Gatsby get the money he needed by selling alco hol during the time of prohibition and selling him some drug-stores. Earning all that money in such an awful way must have been a story Gatsby didn’t share very often. ’It took me just three years to earn the money that bought it. ’ ‘I thought you inherited your money. ’ ‘I did old sport,’ he said automatically. ‘But I lost most of it in the big panic. The panic of war. ’ I think he hardly knew what he was saying for when I asked him what business he was in he answered, ‘That’s my affair,’ before he realized that wasn’t the appropriate reply. ‘Oh, I’ve been in several things,’ he corrected himself. ‘I was in the drug business and then I Was in the oil business. But I’m not in either one now. † (Fitzgerald 90) Gatsby was so used to lying about how he actually received all his money that when Nick, one of his closest friends, asked him he immediately lied. Having the instinct to lie, especially to his friends, was only going to c ome back and bite him in the butt, especially since he was involved with gangsters in the first place. ‘When witnesses concoct lies, they often miss the obvious. ’ – John Grisham. This quote is applicable to Gatsby because agreeing to lie for Daisy, he missed Nick’s warnings for him to get away due to Wilson’s inevitable repercussions. If a girl is cheating on her husband, she probably isn’t very trustworthy in the first place, so Gatsby agreeing to lie for Daisy and say he killed Myrtle was probably a bad idea. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Yes,’ he said after a moment, ‘but of course I’ll say I was. ’†(Fitzgerald 143) Agreeing to lie was the first step towards his demise. Daisy couldn’t risk Gatsby accidentally letting it slip that she was the one driving, and she had to tell Tom something†¦ after everything that went on between the three of them, Tom and Daisy realized that they were still in love with each other and they just wanted everything to go back to normal. ‘What if I did tell him? That fellow had it coming to him. He threw dust into your eyes just like he did in Daisy’s, but he was a tough one. He ran over Myrtle like you’d run over a dog and never even stopped his car. ’† (Fitzgerald 178). Daisy turned on Gatsby just as quick as he had agreed to lie for her; she told Tom that Gatsby had agreed to lie for her and that they needed to get rid of him in case he told. Tom told Wilson that it was Gatsby and Wilson was so enraged that he shot Gatsby and then killed himself. Lying for Daisy only led to more trouble for Gatsby. The rash decision to lie ended his life as soon as he agreed to it. A tragic hero is a person who, through his or her own actions, leads to their own demise. Gatsby, through yearning for a girl he could never really have, working with convicts to get his money, and lying for aforementioned girl who only cared about herself unambiguously lead to his own murder, making him fit the description of a tragic hero to a tee. Gatsby did everything for a girl who turned on him like it was nothing. Was it worth it? Would you have done the same? The Great Gatsby Every man wants to be considered great in the eyes of his peers, but it is important to remember what greatness truly means. There are thousands of ways to define the word â€Å"great,† but I have my own definition of the word. A great man is selfless, honest, and trustworthy. He is sincere, has strong values, and he does things for the benefit of others. Jay Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald’s main character in the novel The Great Gatsby, is a charismatic man who throws elaborate parties for the wealthy people of Long Island. To those around him, Gatsby appears to be a great man, however, the reader can see through this facade and understands that he is not as great as he appears. Because he is stubbornly narrow-minded, selfishly uses people for his benefit, and seeks to destroy a family, Jay Gatsby is not a great man by any means. Jay Gatsby is stubbornly narrow-minded, and refuses to accept the reality that he cannot be with Daisy Buchanan. Jay Gatsby is unable to let go of the few moments he shared with Daisy years ago, before he was shipped off to Europe to fight in the Great War. While he is away, Daisy marries Tom Buchanan, yet Gatsby still tries to win her hand. Instead of moving away from Daisy and starting a new life, Gatsby moves across the bay from her and insists he will meet her again. At one of Gatsby’s parties, Nick urges Gatsby not to ask too much from Daisy. Nick realizes that Daisy has moved on with her life and reminds Gatsby that he cannot repeat the past. Gatsby replies in shock saying â€Å"Can’t repeat the past? †¦Why of course you can† (110)! Gatsby, who has everything luxury imaginable, refuses to believe that he cannot relive his past with Daisy. A great man would get around such an obstacle in life, and would find another way to fulfill his heart’s desire. Because Gatsby put all of his â€Å"eggs in one basket,† he was left with nothing when his only love refused to be with him. Nick Carraway knew that Gatsby was narrow-minded and said that he â€Å"paid a high price for living too long with a single dream† (161). Unfortunately for Gatsby, that high price was his life. Jay Gatsby cannot be considered a great man because he selfishly uses people for his own benefit. Gatsby does not have any friends until Nick moves in next door; however this friendship is not genuine. Gatsby is simply using Nick in order to meet Daisy. Gatsby also uses Jordan to get closer to Daisy. Once he finds out that Jordan knows Daisy, he begins to make his clandestine arrangements. Acting as Gatsby’s pawn, Jordan relays a message to Nick saying, â€Å"He wants to know†¦if you’ll invite Daisy to your house some afternoon and then let him come over† (78). Gatsby is quick to ask for favors from Nick, even though he barely knows him. Gatsby pretends to be Nick’s friend; however, friendship works both ways and Gatsby never delivers on his end. Gatsby’s selfish use of people who care about him prevents him from being great. A great man does things for the benefit of others, expecting nothing in return. If Gatsby were a great man, he would not use innocent people as part of his plan to destroy a family. Gatsby actively tries to break up a marriage and family by trying to take Daisy away from her husband and daughter. Gatsby is not content with his current relationship because Daisy is still married to Tom, and he does not have her to himself. Gatsby takes drastic measures in an attempt to win back Daisy, which includes confronting her husband, Tom Buchanan. Gatsby becomes so bold as to tell Tom that Daisy never loved him. When arguing with Tom, Gatsby says, â€Å"Daisy, that’s all over now†¦it doesn’t matter any more. Just tell him the truth- that you never loved him- and it’s all wiped out forever† (132). Gatsby is only concerned with himself and does not consider how he would tear apart a family if Daisy were to run away with him. Marriage is a sacred union, in which individuals commit themselves to one another for the remainder of their lives. Gatsby gives no consideration to Daisy’s young daughter who would have to live the rest of her life without her mother. Gatsby’s inconsiderate actions make it clear that he is not great. A great man would never do anything to harm a family because a great man has values. If Gatsby was a great man, he would accept that Daisy married Tom, and look for love elsewhere. Jay Gatsby is not a great man because he uses people for his own benefit, very stubborn, and attempts to break up a marriage. Great men look to help better the lives of others around them. Everything that Gatsby does is selfish and nobody else besides him benefits from his actions. Gatsby uses his wealth to make it appear to others that he is a great man, however the reader knows that even the parties that Gatsby throws are for his own benefit. Gatsby cannot be considered a great man because of his selfishness and indifference to the feelings of others. The Great Gatsby RADHA KRISHNA FUSED Hosts  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ NARAD MUNI – N REPORTER – R R – good evening, namashkaar. Satsriakaal, vannakumm aur jinhe ye sab lage kumm unko mera pyaar bharaa sweet saa welcome doston aaj hum aapko ek bahut hee aiti haasik flight per†¦ ek historical love story sunanae waale hain – a story about a bhola bhala chori ,and cute si anjani chori, jee haan aapne sahi suna – aaj hum aapko swarag lok ki sair karvaane waale hain†¦ – and wahaan ki latest gossips se roobaroo karvaane waale hain†¦ yeh kahani kuch hai suni . uch ansuni. kuch anjani ,kuch jani kuch pechani. but isse pehle hum show ko aage badhaaye pehle – jaisa ki customary hai – kyun naa ganesh ji mahaaraaj ki vandana ho jaaye – GANESH VANDANA (song: jaidev) (welcome song: kesaria balam) R – Haan to friends aaj 21st  century ke pehle dashak me it’s possible to travel to swarg lok from dharti lok – Aur aaj iss journey ko h um devlok se live telecast karne waale hai – sirf aur sirf aapke liye – so are you ready –I am†¦ here we go†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (walks to the shuttle/exit/gate/wing) /o – welcome to swarg loke.. swarg loke me aap sabhi kaa swagat hai†¦ next scene – swarglok Narad Intro –BACHNA EH HASINO R interrupts N. M – R – Excuse me!!! Ye narad muni jii kahaan milenge N – Narad muniiiiii Main hee Narad Muni – aur pyaar se log mujhe N. M. bulaate hain – R – tum aur narad muni – IMPOSSIBLE – I mean khud ko dekho – aapki veena kahaan hai – gherua vastra – wo mountain jaisa jooda – tum to suit me ho – N – hey hey hey!!! Ye sab uss Ramanand Sagar ki galti hai†¦ ill date woh hume every Saturday Sunday wahi old fashioned vesh bhoosa me wahi pooraane avatar me dikhata hai – R – poorane avatar me N – aur nahi to kya – this is our new version – infact yahaan swarag lok me sab cheezen change ho chuki hai – anyways ab ye sab chorro and temme aap yahaan kyun aaye ho†¦ R – oh! narad muni ji! Wo actually kya hai naa main neeche dharti lok me ek bahut hee famous gossip show ka host hun and main yahaan khaas aapse milne aaya hun†¦Ã¢â‚¬â€œ aap gossip king ho naa isiliye – and I want to know ki swarg lok ki latest gossip kya haiN – arre pehle bolnaa thaa naa –maine to apne makeup ka touch up bhi nahi kiya – latest gossip me hai  R-K  kaa affair†¦ R – SRK SR-K  kaun N – arre   tum RK ko nahi janti R – nahi†¦ Kaun RK N – uff!!! Tum sabko her ek cheez samjhaani padti hai –  Rmatlab rads and Ks matlab krish†¦ tumhe unse milna hai – ruko abhi milwaata hun – R – arre arre ek sec N. M. Ji†¦ mujhe milwaane dijiye naa – kisna se – afterall main show ki host hun aa p nahi†¦ Wo kisna hai N – dekhiye mr. reporter ji – apne krishna ka intro thik diya but†¦ R – but kya†¦N – but aapne krish kaa intro wrong diya†¦ you know krish ekdum must hai – usse sone kaa bahut shaukh hai†¦ din bhar buss phone per lagaa rehta hai†¦ hamesha har ek jagah late pahunchta hai†¦ aur haan uski planning ki timing ke baare me kyaa kehna – always in the last minute†¦ krish ko cheezen bhoolne kaa bhi bada shaukh hai†¦ and last but not the least uske highly logical logics hamesha illogical hote hain.. in short ab tum mujhe milwaane do humare kisna se humaare ishhhtyle me Desi boys+ Munda kukad kamal ka+ Aadat se majboorR – arre waah ye naya version o kafi dhin chaak thaa – ab NM ji please mujhe rads ke baare me bhi kuch bataiye naa N – o rads ke bare me – wo bahut hee sweet hai – hamesha hansti rehti hai – infact krish to rads ke issi smile per fi daa hai†¦ wo apne dosto ke liye kuch bhi kar sakti hai†¦ and unlike kisna she’s very planned†¦ usse romantic novels padhne kaa bhi bahut shaukh hai.. aur you won’t find her without her lip balm†¦ jab dekho tab apna lip balm lagati rehti hai†¦ trekking kaa bhi rads ko bahut hee shaukh hai†¦ all in all she’s a perfect match for our kisna..Rads intro- BANNA RE + OH PIYA+ RADHA ON THE DANCE FLOOR N – (comes talking on phone) – haan kya king kaa three of a kind hai and ikka top card hai – arre abhi raise kar de.. river khulte hee all-in kar dena†¦ okay.. okay†¦ R – N. M. Ji, aap abhi poker ki baat kar rahe thhe naa.. I just love poker.. kyaa aapko bhi poker pasand hai†¦ N – hahaha! Arre mujhe kyaa even Rad and krish are die hard poker fans†¦ R – that is soo interesting – ab NM ji plz mujhe Rad and krish ke ched chaad ke baareme kuch bataaiye naa – you know kisna to famous thaa radho ko chedne ke liyeN – arre waah kya point diya hai†¦ well now a days chedna is very simple – pehle kisna matka phod ke radha ko cheda karta thaa – aur aajkal krish rads ko miscall aur messgaes se chedta hai R – mobile To dhiru bhai yahan pe bhi famous hai, Karlo swarlog muthi meh N – hahaha!!! Ab hume bhi to timepass ke liye kuch chahiye†¦ R –can I add u in mah contact N – nahi main whts app karta hun†¦ R – then I will whtsapp u†¦ neways ab aap aur kuch bataaiye naa inke ched chaad ke baare me – N – ab bataana kyaa hai yaar – khud hee dekh lo – – – CHED CHAAD SEGMENT Maiya yashodha+ natkat natkat+ chod do Aanchal+kyon aage peeche+ Saiyan Ji baiya chudake nahin jana) R – sirji†¦ N. M. Ji inka chedne kaa style to ekdum bollywood se inspired lagta hai†¦ N- excuse me!!! chahe ched chaad ho yaa romance – hum bollwood se nahi b alki bollywood humse inspired hota hai†¦ R – N. Muni ji ab jab aapne romance ki baat chedd hee di hai to thodi aur gossips dijiye naa†¦ rads and krish ke romance ke bare me†¦ ye bataaiye naa ki pehle kisne propose kiya thaa†¦ N – kiss ne propose kiya thaa R – arre wohi to main pooch rahaa hun kiss ne propose kiya thaaN – arre wahi to main bhi keh raha hun†¦ Kiss ne proposae kiya thaa†¦ R – †¦ †¦ †¦ N – ruko tumhe poori story samjhaane do – jab college me pehli baar krish ne rads ko dekha he was totally bowled over.. wo brahmand metro rail me ek stop pehle utarne laga†¦ unhone apne telephone numbers exchange kiye†¦ R – aur fir sms aur calls kaa silsilaa shuru ho gaya†¦ N – right†¦ and then dheere dheere long walks bhi shuru ho gaye†¦ aur jab ek baar rads kaa accident hua and she was in bed rest – ussi beech humaare rads  Ã‚  ki tubelight jali k i krish usse kitna pyaar karta hai.. and rest as they say is history†¦R – wow NM ji soooo romantic†¦ muhe kuch aur gossips dijiye naa N – ab dekho main jyaada kisi ke personal life me interfere nahi karta.. main ek kaam karta hoon – tumhe inn dono ke romance ki ek jhalki dikhaa deta hoon†¦ ROMANTIC SEGMENT- TUM MILE + SALAME ISHQ+ISHQ WALA+ SACHI SACHI+ EK MEIN AUR EK TU+ LONG DA LASHKARA R – achcha N. M. Ji what about gopiyan†¦ krish AAJ BHI UNKE SANG NAIN MATAKA KARTA HAI KYAA N – gopiyan to tab bhi thi and aaj bhi hai†¦ fark sirf itna hai ki ab gopiyon ki jagah saaliyon ne le lee hai†¦ R – AUR RAAS LILA raas lila kaa kyaa†¦N – arre pehle raas lila vrindavan gardens me hoti thii aur aajkal wo disco me hoti hai†¦ R – to NM ji meri bhi ek apsara ke saath disco me couple entry karwaaiye naa – N – naarayan naarayan.. tathaastu†¦ Disco segment-AAEVEIN AAEVEIN+DISCO DEEWAN E+ VELLE+YAAD AA RAHA HAI N enters talking / blabbering on phone – N – haan aap venue book kar do.. aur mujhe sabse achche caterers chahiye – iss shaadi me koi kami nahi honi chahiye†¦ R – enters†¦ R – N. M ji †¦ ye aap kisike shaadi ki baat kar rahe hai †¦ N – arre ye looo†¦ tumhe nahi pataa – rad and krish ki shaadi fix ho gayi hai†¦ aur mujhe event manager appoint kiya gaya hai†¦R – but Rad aur krish ki shaadi – how is it possible – N – .. naarayan naarayan!!! In this yug anything is possible!!! Aur waise bhi hum devtaaon ki bhi to kuch wishes hoti hai†¦ itne yugon se hum tumhaari wishes poori karte aa rahe the – ab humaari baari hai†¦ R – to n. m. ji meri bhi ek choti see wish poori kar dijiye naa – mujhe bhi inki shaadi me shaamil hona hai – kuch chakkar chalaiye naa – plzzz plzzz plzzz N – narayan narayan – m ain aaj bade achche mood me hun†¦ tathaastu†¦ WEDDING SEGMENT- SONIVE + GUNJE+BADHAI HO BADHAI+ PYARA BHAIYA MERA+SONI BANNO+ NAVRAI MAJHI+TUMHI HO BANDHUR – WAISE nm JI YE APSAARAYEIN KAHIN PER DIKHAAI NAHI DE RAHI N – saari apsaraayein mehendi lagaane me busy hai†¦ R – to hum yahaan kya kar rahein hai .. chaliye hum bhi mehendi lagaane me busy ho jaate hai†¦ N – hahahaha†¦ chalo†¦ Mehendi segment – MEHENDI RACHAN/ MEHENDI HAI RACHNE + MEHENDI KI RAAT R – so NM ji mehendi ke function me to mujhe mazza hee aa gaya – but then wht abt krish ke friends.. unka kyaa kehna hai†¦ N – ok let me not tell it .. tum khud hee dekh lo†¦ Zorr kaa jhatka – kids N – well ye to buss ek chota version thaa.. krish ke gwaal baalon kaa.. ow lemme show you what the full fledged version of it is like †¦ hit the music Zor kaa jhatka+ ek kuwara (elders) R – NM ji doston kaa to thik hai.. but swarg loke ke baaki nivasiyon kaa kya kehna hai.. you knw brahma ji Vishnu ji.. etc etc†¦ N – naarayan naarayan.. sabhi ati prasann hai.. sab bahut hee khush hai.. aur aaj yahaan kuch log aaye bhi hai iss yugal jode ko aashirwaad dene ke liye†¦ Pyaar mill jaaye+ jab koi baat+ hum saath saath hai+ kya kehna R – waah aaj to mujhe mazaa hee aa gaya†¦ N. M. Ji thank you aapne mere saaath aaj bahut saaari gossips share kari†¦ thank you so so much..N – hahaha†¦ welcome welcome†¦ ab jaate jaate main tumhe ek bahut hee top ki secret bataane waala hun†¦ and ye kisi se bhi matt kehnaa†¦ R – (excited) haan haan pakka†¦ N – kalyug me dharti per ek baar fir kisna aur radhaa kaa janam hua hai.. R – _______ N – haan aur ye secret kisi ko bhi nahi pata†¦ do you want to meet them†¦ R – off course†¦ N – theek hai chalo main tumhaari ye wish bhi poori kar deta hun†¦ fir matt kehna bhagwaan wish poora nahi karte†¦ tathaastu!!! Ladies and gentlemen can we have a huge round of applause for our very own Jodi of rads nd krish , i. , rohit nd shikha Bride + Groom Tenu leke(rohit) + dhime dhime(shikha) + tune jo pal bhar mein-dabang(together) As soon as the bride n groom segment gets over – N – doston aaj ke show me hume bahut hee mazza aaya – I hope aap logon ko bhi utna hee mazaa aaya hoga.. per picture abhi baki hai mere dost – its time to celebrate – let the music play – – – Finaale – sadi gali + jhoom barabar + gal mithi mithi ———————–THE BEGINNING——————— Also add brides brothers segment : songs- phoolon ka taaro ka + taaron Ka chamakta gehna ho. The Great Gatsby RADHA KRISHNA FUSED Hosts  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ NARAD MUNI – N REPORTER – R R – good evening, namashkaar. Satsriakaal, vannakumm aur jinhe ye sab lage kumm unko mera pyaar bharaa sweet saa welcome doston aaj hum aapko ek bahut hee aiti haasik flight per†¦ ek historical love story sunanae waale hain – a story about a bhola bhala chori ,and cute si anjani chori, jee haan aapne sahi suna – aaj hum aapko swarag lok ki sair karvaane waale hain†¦ – and wahaan ki latest gossips se roobaroo karvaane waale hain†¦ yeh kahani kuch hai suni . uch ansuni. kuch anjani ,kuch jani kuch pechani. but isse pehle hum show ko aage badhaaye pehle – jaisa ki customary hai – kyun naa ganesh ji mahaaraaj ki vandana ho jaaye – GANESH VANDANA (song: jaidev) (welcome song: kesaria balam) R – Haan to friends aaj 21st  century ke pehle dashak me it’s possible to travel to swarg lok from dharti lok – Aur aaj iss journey ko h um devlok se live telecast karne waale hai – sirf aur sirf aapke liye – so are you ready –I am†¦ here we go†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (walks to the shuttle/exit/gate/wing) /o – welcome to swarg loke.. swarg loke me aap sabhi kaa swagat hai†¦ next scene – swarglok Narad Intro –BACHNA EH HASINO R interrupts N. M – R – Excuse me!!! Ye narad muni jii kahaan milenge N – Narad muniiiiii Main hee Narad Muni – aur pyaar se log mujhe N. M. bulaate hain – R – tum aur narad muni – IMPOSSIBLE – I mean khud ko dekho – aapki veena kahaan hai – gherua vastra – wo mountain jaisa jooda – tum to suit me ho – N – hey hey hey!!! Ye sab uss Ramanand Sagar ki galti hai†¦ ill date woh hume every Saturday Sunday wahi old fashioned vesh bhoosa me wahi pooraane avatar me dikhata hai – R – poorane avatar me N – aur nahi to kya – this is our new version – infact yahaan swarag lok me sab cheezen change ho chuki hai – anyways ab ye sab chorro and temme aap yahaan kyun aaye ho†¦ R – oh! narad muni ji! Wo actually kya hai naa main neeche dharti lok me ek bahut hee famous gossip show ka host hun and main yahaan khaas aapse milne aaya hun†¦Ã¢â‚¬â€œ aap gossip king ho naa isiliye – and I want to know ki swarg lok ki latest gossip kya haiN – arre pehle bolnaa thaa naa –maine to apne makeup ka touch up bhi nahi kiya – latest gossip me hai  R-K  kaa affair†¦ R – SRK SR-K  kaun N – arre   tum RK ko nahi janti R – nahi†¦ Kaun RK N – uff!!! Tum sabko her ek cheez samjhaani padti hai –  Rmatlab rads and Ks matlab krish†¦ tumhe unse milna hai – ruko abhi milwaata hun – R – arre arre ek sec N. M. Ji†¦ mujhe milwaane dijiye naa – kisna se – afterall main show ki host hun aa p nahi†¦ Wo kisna hai N – dekhiye mr. reporter ji – apne krishna ka intro thik diya but†¦ R – but kya†¦N – but aapne krish kaa intro wrong diya†¦ you know krish ekdum must hai – usse sone kaa bahut shaukh hai†¦ din bhar buss phone per lagaa rehta hai†¦ hamesha har ek jagah late pahunchta hai†¦ aur haan uski planning ki timing ke baare me kyaa kehna – always in the last minute†¦ krish ko cheezen bhoolne kaa bhi bada shaukh hai†¦ and last but not the least uske highly logical logics hamesha illogical hote hain.. in short ab tum mujhe milwaane do humare kisna se humaare ishhhtyle me Desi boys+ Munda kukad kamal ka+ Aadat se majboorR – arre waah ye naya version o kafi dhin chaak thaa – ab NM ji please mujhe rads ke baare me bhi kuch bataiye naa N – o rads ke bare me – wo bahut hee sweet hai – hamesha hansti rehti hai – infact krish to rads ke issi smile per fi daa hai†¦ wo apne dosto ke liye kuch bhi kar sakti hai†¦ and unlike kisna she’s very planned†¦ usse romantic novels padhne kaa bhi bahut shaukh hai.. aur you won’t find her without her lip balm†¦ jab dekho tab apna lip balm lagati rehti hai†¦ trekking kaa bhi rads ko bahut hee shaukh hai†¦ all in all she’s a perfect match for our kisna..Rads intro- BANNA RE + OH PIYA+ RADHA ON THE DANCE FLOOR N – (comes talking on phone) – haan kya king kaa three of a kind hai and ikka top card hai – arre abhi raise kar de.. river khulte hee all-in kar dena†¦ okay.. okay†¦ R – N. M. Ji, aap abhi poker ki baat kar rahe thhe naa.. I just love poker.. kyaa aapko bhi poker pasand hai†¦ N – hahaha! Arre mujhe kyaa even Rad and krish are die hard poker fans†¦ R – that is soo interesting – ab NM ji plz mujhe Rad and krish ke ched chaad ke baareme kuch bataaiye naa – you know kisna to famous thaa radho ko chedne ke liyeN – arre waah kya point diya hai†¦ well now a days chedna is very simple – pehle kisna matka phod ke radha ko cheda karta thaa – aur aajkal krish rads ko miscall aur messgaes se chedta hai R – mobile To dhiru bhai yahan pe bhi famous hai, Karlo swarlog muthi meh N – hahaha!!! Ab hume bhi to timepass ke liye kuch chahiye†¦ R –can I add u in mah contact N – nahi main whts app karta hun†¦ R – then I will whtsapp u†¦ neways ab aap aur kuch bataaiye naa inke ched chaad ke baare me – N – ab bataana kyaa hai yaar – khud hee dekh lo – – – CHED CHAAD SEGMENT Maiya yashodha+ natkat natkat+ chod do Aanchal+kyon aage peeche+ Saiyan Ji baiya chudake nahin jana) R – sirji†¦ N. M. Ji inka chedne kaa style to ekdum bollywood se inspired lagta hai†¦ N- excuse me!!! chahe ched chaad ho yaa romance – hum bollwood se nahi b alki bollywood humse inspired hota hai†¦ R – N. Muni ji ab jab aapne romance ki baat chedd hee di hai to thodi aur gossips dijiye naa†¦ rads and krish ke romance ke bare me†¦ ye bataaiye naa ki pehle kisne propose kiya thaa†¦ N – kiss ne propose kiya thaa R – arre wohi to main pooch rahaa hun kiss ne propose kiya thaaN – arre wahi to main bhi keh raha hun†¦ Kiss ne proposae kiya thaa†¦ R – †¦ †¦ †¦ N – ruko tumhe poori story samjhaane do – jab college me pehli baar krish ne rads ko dekha he was totally bowled over.. wo brahmand metro rail me ek stop pehle utarne laga†¦ unhone apne telephone numbers exchange kiye†¦ R – aur fir sms aur calls kaa silsilaa shuru ho gaya†¦ N – right†¦ and then dheere dheere long walks bhi shuru ho gaye†¦ aur jab ek baar rads kaa accident hua and she was in bed rest – ussi beech humaare rads  Ã‚  ki tubelight jali k i krish usse kitna pyaar karta hai.. and rest as they say is history†¦R – wow NM ji soooo romantic†¦ muhe kuch aur gossips dijiye naa N – ab dekho main jyaada kisi ke personal life me interfere nahi karta.. main ek kaam karta hoon – tumhe inn dono ke romance ki ek jhalki dikhaa deta hoon†¦ ROMANTIC SEGMENT- TUM MILE + SALAME ISHQ+ISHQ WALA+ SACHI SACHI+ EK MEIN AUR EK TU+ LONG DA LASHKARA R – achcha N. M. Ji what about gopiyan†¦ krish AAJ BHI UNKE SANG NAIN MATAKA KARTA HAI KYAA N – gopiyan to tab bhi thi and aaj bhi hai†¦ fark sirf itna hai ki ab gopiyon ki jagah saaliyon ne le lee hai†¦ R – AUR RAAS LILA raas lila kaa kyaa†¦N – arre pehle raas lila vrindavan gardens me hoti thii aur aajkal wo disco me hoti hai†¦ R – to NM ji meri bhi ek apsara ke saath disco me couple entry karwaaiye naa – N – naarayan naarayan.. tathaastu†¦ Disco segment-AAEVEIN AAEVEIN+DISCO DEEWAN E+ VELLE+YAAD AA RAHA HAI N enters talking / blabbering on phone – N – haan aap venue book kar do.. aur mujhe sabse achche caterers chahiye – iss shaadi me koi kami nahi honi chahiye†¦ R – enters†¦ R – N. M ji †¦ ye aap kisike shaadi ki baat kar rahe hai †¦ N – arre ye looo†¦ tumhe nahi pataa – rad and krish ki shaadi fix ho gayi hai†¦ aur mujhe event manager appoint kiya gaya hai†¦R – but Rad aur krish ki shaadi – how is it possible – N – .. naarayan naarayan!!! In this yug anything is possible!!! Aur waise bhi hum devtaaon ki bhi to kuch wishes hoti hai†¦ itne yugon se hum tumhaari wishes poori karte aa rahe the – ab humaari baari hai†¦ R – to n. m. ji meri bhi ek choti see wish poori kar dijiye naa – mujhe bhi inki shaadi me shaamil hona hai – kuch chakkar chalaiye naa – plzzz plzzz plzzz N – narayan narayan – m ain aaj bade achche mood me hun†¦ tathaastu†¦ WEDDING SEGMENT- SONIVE + GUNJE+BADHAI HO BADHAI+ PYARA BHAIYA MERA+SONI BANNO+ NAVRAI MAJHI+TUMHI HO BANDHUR – WAISE nm JI YE APSAARAYEIN KAHIN PER DIKHAAI NAHI DE RAHI N – saari apsaraayein mehendi lagaane me busy hai†¦ R – to hum yahaan kya kar rahein hai .. chaliye hum bhi mehendi lagaane me busy ho jaate hai†¦ N – hahahaha†¦ chalo†¦ Mehendi segment – MEHENDI RACHAN/ MEHENDI HAI RACHNE + MEHENDI KI RAAT R – so NM ji mehendi ke function me to mujhe mazza hee aa gaya – but then wht abt krish ke friends.. unka kyaa kehna hai†¦ N – ok let me not tell it .. tum khud hee dekh lo†¦ Zorr kaa jhatka – kids N – well ye to buss ek chota version thaa.. krish ke gwaal baalon kaa.. ow lemme show you what the full fledged version of it is like †¦ hit the music Zor kaa jhatka+ ek kuwara (elders) R – NM ji doston kaa to thik hai.. but swarg loke ke baaki nivasiyon kaa kya kehna hai.. you knw brahma ji Vishnu ji.. etc etc†¦ N – naarayan naarayan.. sabhi ati prasann hai.. sab bahut hee khush hai.. aur aaj yahaan kuch log aaye bhi hai iss yugal jode ko aashirwaad dene ke liye†¦ Pyaar mill jaaye+ jab koi baat+ hum saath saath hai+ kya kehna R – waah aaj to mujhe mazaa hee aa gaya†¦ N. M. Ji thank you aapne mere saaath aaj bahut saaari gossips share kari†¦ thank you so so much..N – hahaha†¦ welcome welcome†¦ ab jaate jaate main tumhe ek bahut hee top ki secret bataane waala hun†¦ and ye kisi se bhi matt kehnaa†¦ R – (excited) haan haan pakka†¦ N – kalyug me dharti per ek baar fir kisna aur radhaa kaa janam hua hai.. R – _______ N – haan aur ye secret kisi ko bhi nahi pata†¦ do you want to meet them†¦ R – off course†¦ N – theek hai chalo main tumhaari ye wish bhi poori kar deta hun†¦ fir matt kehna bhagwaan wish poora nahi karte†¦ tathaastu!!! Ladies and gentlemen can we have a huge round of applause for our very own Jodi of rads nd krish , i. , rohit nd shikha Bride + Groom Tenu leke(rohit) + dhime dhime(shikha) + tune jo pal bhar mein-dabang(together) As soon as the bride n groom segment gets over – N – doston aaj ke show me hume bahut hee mazza aaya – I hope aap logon ko bhi utna hee mazaa aaya hoga.. per picture abhi baki hai mere dost – its time to celebrate – let the music play – – – Finaale – sadi gali + jhoom barabar + gal mithi mithi ———————–THE BEGINNING——————— Also add brides brothers segment : songs- phoolon ka taaro ka + taaron Ka chamakta gehna ho. The Great Gatsby Overview: Your team will create  one PowerPoint presentation according to the instructions below. Each member of your team will contribute information and help the leader compile the information into  one final presentation. Team assignment: * Your team will select one of the following characters from  The Great Gatsby: * Nick Carraway * Jay Gatsby * Daisy Buchanan * Tom Buchanan * Jordan Baker * Myrtle Wilson * George Wilson * As a team, create a profile for that character as if he /she is a member of a modern day social networking site, such as Facebook or MySpace. Your team's final presentation should be a PowerPoint presentation of 5-7 slides. Include at least three visuals and at least four of the following items: * A quotation that expresses the character's philosophy of life * A brief description of the character's family or friends. * A brief description of the time in which the character lives. * A brief description of the world in which the character lives. * A brief description of the character's conflicts or struggles. * Something interesting about the character.As the week begins, join your team and do the following: * Each team should select a leader. * Each team member should participate fully. Points will be based on both the amount of material posted and the quality of the work posted. * Remember that short comments, such as â€Å"I will go along with what everyone wants to do,† may earn no points. Offer significant material that advances the project. * Instead of listing websites, offer the information from that site along with the reference. Do not just offer material that was cut-and-pasted from websites; instead, write the information in your own words, and cite your sources. Note about visuals: Your team  can create your own visuals, use clip art, or use items from the Internet. If you use Internet images in your presentation, cite the sources on your final slide. Post your team's final presentation in Doc Sharing. At the en d of the week, you may download the other team projects posted in Doc sharing and enjoy viewing them.Daisy is the center of the story, and the character who originates the vast majority of events within the book. The life and fortune of Gatsby are built on the hope that someday he may revive his love with Daisy. Daisy has something that makes her special, and she is different from Jordan, and the rest of the women in the work, and this is seen through the narrations of Nick and Gatsby, and even in the way in which Tom defends her image in front of his lover.She is woman native of Louisville, Kentucky and through the stories told by Jordan, we know that she was the center of attention and the soul of the party, and is a beautiful woman who likes to have fun and flirt through cheeky and extremely frivolous conversations, and this is so inevitable that even her cousin is a victim of her gadgets, she did it at her first party at Gatsby’s house: â€Å"These things excite me so,â €  she whispered. â€Å"If you want to kiss me any time during the evening, Nick, just let me know and I’ll be glad to arrange it for you. Just mention my name.Or present a green card. I’m giving out green†. Nick describes the voice of Daisy as beautiful, mysterious, flirtatious, intriguing, exciting, sensual, and famous, and Gatsby includes that it is full of money; on several occasions, the characters comment that it is a magical instrument used by her, which is full of promises and beautiful things on the distance, and Daisy uses her seductive voice to drag people towards her, especially to Gatsby since the voice of Daisy speaks of everything he want of it, wealth, social status, true happiness and he cannot refuse to this attraction.Besides her seductive and alluring voice, she is a dreamy woman and she sees her past with melancholy and idealizes her first love affair, presenting her present as boring and stuffy and she struggles daily with the pressures of society which forced her to marry an aggressive, overbearing and arrogant man who woke her up from her childhood dreams and made her realize that very often dreams don't become reality, although in her deep insight, she keeps the hope that hers can become a reality. But Daisy's biggest problem is that he is not a mythical goddess, but she is an ordinary person with strengths and weaknesses, and she is used to live her life in a certain way, following the rules and by this obedience, she hopes some rewards. When Gatsby comes back to her life, moving its foundations and challenging her to leave behind these ties and conventionalisms, she frightens, and decides to return to her safe harbor, which is Tom, and prefers to be unhappy that to have to sacrifice her live to escape with Gatsby, and leave everything behind. She is selfish and only thinks about her, unlike Gatsby who made his life according to his unconditional love towards her. The Great Gatsby Overview: Your team will create  one PowerPoint presentation according to the instructions below. Each member of your team will contribute information and help the leader compile the information into  one final presentation. Team assignment: * Your team will select one of the following characters from  The Great Gatsby: * Nick Carraway * Jay Gatsby * Daisy Buchanan * Tom Buchanan * Jordan Baker * Myrtle Wilson * George Wilson * As a team, create a profile for that character as if he /she is a member of a modern day social networking site, such as Facebook or MySpace. Your team's final presentation should be a PowerPoint presentation of 5-7 slides. Include at least three visuals and at least four of the following items: * A quotation that expresses the character's philosophy of life * A brief description of the character's family or friends. * A brief description of the time in which the character lives. * A brief description of the world in which the character lives. * A brief description of the character's conflicts or struggles. * Something interesting about the character.As the week begins, join your team and do the following: * Each team should select a leader. * Each team member should participate fully. Points will be based on both the amount of material posted and the quality of the work posted. * Remember that short comments, such as â€Å"I will go along with what everyone wants to do,† may earn no points. Offer significant material that advances the project. * Instead of listing websites, offer the information from that site along with the reference. Do not just offer material that was cut-and-pasted from websites; instead, write the information in your own words, and cite your sources. Note about visuals: Your team  can create your own visuals, use clip art, or use items from the Internet. If you use Internet images in your presentation, cite the sources on your final slide. Post your team's final presentation in Doc Sharing. At the en d of the week, you may download the other team projects posted in Doc sharing and enjoy viewing them.Daisy is the center of the story, and the character who originates the vast majority of events within the book. The life and fortune of Gatsby are built on the hope that someday he may revive his love with Daisy. Daisy has something that makes her special, and she is different from Jordan, and the rest of the women in the work, and this is seen through the narrations of Nick and Gatsby, and even in the way in which Tom defends her image in front of his lover.She is woman native of Louisville, Kentucky and through the stories told by Jordan, we know that she was the center of attention and the soul of the party, and is a beautiful woman who likes to have fun and flirt through cheeky and extremely frivolous conversations, and this is so inevitable that even her cousin is a victim of her gadgets, she did it at her first party at Gatsby’s house: â€Å"These things excite me so,â €  she whispered. â€Å"If you want to kiss me any time during the evening, Nick, just let me know and I’ll be glad to arrange it for you. Just mention my name.Or present a green card. I’m giving out green†. Nick describes the voice of Daisy as beautiful, mysterious, flirtatious, intriguing, exciting, sensual, and famous, and Gatsby includes that it is full of money; on several occasions, the characters comment that it is a magical instrument used by her, which is full of promises and beautiful things on the distance, and Daisy uses her seductive voice to drag people towards her, especially to Gatsby since the voice of Daisy speaks of everything he want of it, wealth, social status, true happiness and he cannot refuse to this attraction.Besides her seductive and alluring voice, she is a dreamy woman and she sees her past with melancholy and idealizes her first love affair, presenting her present as boring and stuffy and she struggles daily with the pressures of society which forced her to marry an aggressive, overbearing and arrogant man who woke her up from her childhood dreams and made her realize that very often dreams don't become reality, although in her deep insight, she keeps the hope that hers can become a reality. But Daisy's biggest problem is that he is not a mythical goddess, but she is an ordinary person with strengths and weaknesses, and she is used to live her life in a certain way, following the rules and by this obedience, she hopes some rewards. When Gatsby comes back to her life, moving its foundations and challenging her to leave behind these ties and conventionalisms, she frightens, and decides to return to her safe harbor, which is Tom, and prefers to be unhappy that to have to sacrifice her live to escape with Gatsby, and leave everything behind. She is selfish and only thinks about her, unlike Gatsby who made his life according to his unconditional love towards her.

Strategic leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic leadership - Essay Example Essentially the level to which an organization can develop effective consensus, manage the transformations and sustain commitment will count a lot on the success or failure of any enterprise (Hiatt & Creasey, 2003). According to Balogun (2008) the formulation of all changes in the organization is critical components of any program to support the employees of that particular organization and the organization itself. Balogun reviews the three main elements of any organizational change. Namely: the reason behind the change, what exactly should be included in the change and the process of change (2008). The reasons behind change include those that are social, economical, cultural, political, capabilities, structural and competitive environment in which the organization operates. He says the organization has an inner context and an outer one and all of them affect the organizations operations. The culture, structure and the capabilities comprise of the inner context that affects the organ ization directly. The external is the market under which it operates: the competitiveness and the country’s political strategies (Combat Poverty Agency, 1993). This affects the organization indirectly, and many a times they got lots of weight. When Mike took over from Lee, he needed change nothing structurally from the company. He actually moved in to the same old office and retained the furniture and carpet. He explains that the organization is flexible to the changing world in terms of its employee’s capabilities and in terms of its economy (Walton, 2009). Some of the factors that ensure the company runs consistently and efficiently, include its workers who are keen on ensuring that they work towards a goal, the goal being attaining its returns upon investment. The company can motivate its workers by giving them incentives or by creating an opportunity for them to be out in the fields to create bigger sales. Either way, it can ensure that they interact with customers on a personal level to ensure they give more information to them concerning their products. How the company relates to a customer, should be based on whether a customer is regular or irregular. How they are treated, gives them the need to be back again and again. The company’s capital also drives the process of expansion efficiently. The company stepped up to buy technology during Mike’s leadership to assist in leadership (Walton, 2009). Advanced technology boosts the company’s sales. It’s through this that customers will get to know more about the company. The advertisement the company makes to sell its range of products and services

CSR and Fair Trade Approaches to Economic Development Essay

CSR and Fair Trade Approaches to Economic Development - Essay Example This analysis of CSR and Fair-Trade initiatives has revealed that the private corporate sector in conjunction with NGOs can be the main driver for economic development particularly in the developing countries. The evolvement of CSR conception from the philanthropic approach to the pro-poor policies whereby communities are economically empowered through fair trade and mutually beneficial projects is a welcome advance that can lead to an enabling sustainable development. More involvement by the corporate sector is nevertheless, necessary in future including enacting laws that make it a requisite for corporations to inject back some tangible funding to local communities. Although proponents of free trade have maintained the need for a pure capitalistic model, recent events including corporate scandals and collapse depict the need to spread wealth away from the top equitably to cushion the poor against devastating effects of economic upheavals, which is ethically and morally obligatory f or the more wealthy corporations and nations.

Children Language Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Children Language Development - Essay Example Traditionally, before a child could turn eighteen months after birth, there are manifestations that the child is already introduced with naming insights. Although children usually pass this at various times, parents, most of the times, hardly notice it since they assume that it is just normal since things have really their names. I would like to agree that naming insight, indeed, sets the stage for vocabulary explosion. For most of the youngster, this naming discovery could be really shocking as proven by those kids to arrive at this stage at a later phase. One famous example would be Helen Keller. She was blind and deaf since she was two years of age, thus, naming insight as a stage of her development was really a tough challenge to pass through. When she was six years old, her pre school teacher asked her to put her hand under flowing water. And she was also asked to spell out w-a-t-e-r. She realized since then that "the mystery of language was revealed to her." For the past decades, researchers have already language as a natural part of evolutionary processes. And language, with no doubt plays a vital role in our own development; and we know that naming insight is actually the start of such. Naming insight can be the beginning of vocabulary explosion since a child already has the idea of naming things, thus, there is already a concept of words or vocabulary, at that sense. If a child is exposed to a lot of things, along with their respective names, there is of course a high tendency of a vocabulary explosion on the part of the child. Even a single or an indirect exposure to a novel word, for instance, already gives information that we could use in mapping the word going to its referent. Naming sigh has been proven by a number of studies to be a factor in the explosion of a child's vocabulary. A child can learn a word only after hearing it once from the people around him or her. There are actually researches claiming that children can gain new insights into language and words when they reach their eighteenth month, on the average. Most of the researches of this field things that children actually realize two things. First, words are used to name for objects; and second, every object has its own name (Gopnik & Meltzoff, 1997). This is called naming insight. The process of naming insight actually happens before a child can utter a word that represents an object. The child, in this specific stage, is just starting to learn the things that are around him or her and later on realizes that everything in the environment is given a name. The names, later on are learned by a child as he or she hears them from the people around. The beginning of vocabulary explosion is an important event for a child. It is with no doubt that naming insight preludes the vocabulary explosion since this is the stage before the child can finally utter his or her words. After the naming sight stage, particular names come popping out of children like stars as a result of fireworks. Some of common words are mommy, daddy, milk, and so on. Also, if under the vocabulary explosion, the child can also acquire more words that he or she often hears from the environment. The more frequent a word is uttered, the higher the